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Glossary

I
ICIA

International Communication Industry Association. Official Audio & Video industry association (NAVA issued) TV.

IEC CONNECTOR

International Electrotechnical Committee. Standard AC power cable and connector used to power scan converters, interfaces, projectors and most electronic equipments.

IEEE

Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers.

IMAGE NOISE

Image noise is the random variation of brightness or color information in images produced by the sensor and circuitry of a scanner or digital camera.

IMPEDANCE

Load signal, measured in Ohms. The impedance of a video signal is 75 Ohms (low impedance) and it has to be matched to the cable impedance to avoid echo on the picture.

INTERFACE

Device or program that creates a link between 2 different products or protocols. In Video, the interface usually adapts the computer unit (CPU) to different displays. It acts only on the synchronization but not on the scanning rate (see Scan Converter). Powerful interfaces are fully automatic and with no Dip Switches.

INTERLACED (i)

Method of line interleaving that scans the image into 2 fields (1 image = 1 frame = 2 fields). TV video standards (PAL, SECAM, NTSC) use the interlaced method. PAL/SECAM is equivalent to 625 lines per frame which is equivalent to 2 x {312.5 lines per field}. NTSC is equivalent to 525 lines per frame which is equivalent to 2 x {262.5 lines per field}. However, computer sources usually use Non Interlaced or Progressive scanning methods (1 image = 1 frame = 1 field).

IP

Internet Protocol (also Intellectual Property).

IP Address

The unique identifier given to a device to allow communication on a network.

ISO

International Standard Organization.

ITU

International Telecommunication Union. Committee that sets Digital Broadcast Video Standards (successor to CCIR).

J
JACK

Coaxial type connector (6.35 mm or 3.5 mm) usually used in Music and Audio equipment.

JAGGIES

"Jaggies" is the informal name for artifacts , most frequently from aliasing which in turn is often caused by non-linear mixing effects producing high-frequency components and/or missing or poor anti-aliasing filtering prior to sampling.

JITTER

Short cycle problem that can be described by a fast up/down or left/right movement on the picture (it could also be a short cycle problem such as a frequency jitter).

J.PEG

Joint Photographic Experts Group. Process for compressing still images (ie: Jpeg 2000).

K
KEYER

Video Information that provides a "KEY" to overlay and mix 2 Video images.

KEY FILL

In key effects, the video signal fills the hole cut in the background video by the key source.

KEYSTONE EFFECT

Distorted image when projected onto the screen at a high vertical angle. Some Up/down converters and projectors incorporate a powerful keystone corrector function.

KILOHERTZ

Symbol:kHz. Equivalent to 1000 Hertz (10^3 Hertz).